Specialists in industry seldom use the term cardboard because it does not denote a specific material.

 

The term cardboard may refer to a variety of heavy paper-like materials, including card stock, corrugated fiberboard or paperboard. The meaning of the term may depend on the locale, contents, construction, and personal choice.

Terminology

In business and industry, material producers, container manufacturers,packaging engineers, and standards organizations,[8] try to use more specific terminology. There is still not complete and uniform usage. Often the term "cardboard" is avoided because it does not define any particular material.

Broad divisions of paper-based packaging materials are: Paper is thin material mainly used for writing upon, printing upon or for packaging. It is produced by pressing together moist fibers, typically cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets. Paperboard, sometimes known as cardboard, is generally thicker (usually over 0.25 mm or 10 points) than paper.

 

According to ISO standards, paperboard is a paper with a basis weight (grammage) above 224 g/m², but there are exceptions.. Paperboard can be single or multi-ply Corrugated fiberboard sometimes known as corrugated board or corrugated cardboard, is a combined paper-based material consisting of a fluted corrugated medium and one or two flat linerboards.

 

There are also multiple names for containers: A shipping container made of corrugated fiberboard is sometimes called a "cardboard box", a "carton", or a "case". A folding carton made of paperboard is called by some a "cardboard box''. A set-up box is made of a non-bending grade of paperboard and is sometimes called a "cardboard box". Drink boxes made of paperboard laminates, are sometimes called "cardboard boxes" and sometimes "cartons" or "boxes".

 

History

The first commercial paperboard (not corrugated) box was produced in England in 1817.

The Scottish-born Robert Gair invented the pre-cut cardboard or paperboard box in 1890 – flat pieces manufactured in bulk that folded into boxes. Gair's invention came about as a result of an accident: he was a Brooklyn printer and paper-bag maker during the 1870s, and one day, while he was printing an order of seed bags, a metal ruler normally used to crease bags shifted in position and cut them.

 

Gair discovered that by cutting and creasing in one operation he could make prefabricated paperboard boxes. Applying this idea to corrugated boxboard was a straightforward development when the material became available around the turn of the twentieth century.The advent of flaked cereals increased the use of cardboard boxes.

 

The first to use cardboard boxes as cereal cartons was the Kellogg Company. Corrugated (also called pleated) paper was patented in England in 1856, and used as a liner for tall hats, but corrugated boxboard was not patented and used as a shipping material until December 20, 1871. The patent was issued to Albert Jones of New York City for single-sided (single-face) corrugated board.

 

Jones used the corrugated board for wrapping bottles and glass lantern chimneys. The first machine for producing large quantities of corrugated board was built in 1874 by G. Smyth, and in the same year Oliver Long improved upon Jones's design by inventing corrugated board with liner sheets on both sides. This was corrugated cardboard as we know it today.

 

The first corrugated cardboard box manufactured in the USA was in 1895. By the early 1900s, wooden crates and boxes were being replaced by corrugated paper shipping cartons. By 1908, the terms "corrugated paper-board" and "corrugated cardboard" were both in use in the paper trade The Musée du Cartonnage et de l'Imprimerie (Museum of the Cardboard Box) in Valréas, France traces the history of cardboard box making and the art involved in printing, in the region.

 

Cardboard boxes have been used there since 1840 for transporting the Bombyx mori moth and its eggs from Japan to Europe by silk manufacturers, and for more than a century the manufacture of cardboard boxes was a major industry in the area.